08/06/2026
Lakeside Amusement Park’s Baby Incubator Exhibit-Part 3: The Babies and Their Care
Beginning in 1898 Martin Couney created exhibits of incubator babies at amusement parks, fairs, and expositions around the US, using the slogan “All the World Loves a Baby.” In 1905 he was a founder of the Infant Incubator Company, which produced and sold incubators intended for ”hospitals and amusement parks” at a time with doctors and the general public were skeptical about the benefits of the appliances.
Couney demanded utmost cleanliness in the care of the infants on display, in part due to the influence of his wife, Annabelle, a trained nurse working with him. Doctors and nurses hired to care for the infants followed carefully established procedures that kept the babies as healthy as possible despite their physical challenges. Warm steel incubators with glass windows both helped the babies gain weight and provided visitors with views of the occupants. The Couneys encouraged the nurses to pick up the babies and cuddle them in front of the audiences.
As Rebecca R. Barry described in “Coney Island’s Incubator Babies,” all the underweight infants experienced the same care when admitted to the exhibit. This included bathing in lukewarm water and being given a small dose of brandy (“if they were capable”). A blue or pink ribbon was tied to the baby identifying its gender. They were on view throughout the day in their individual incubators, except for two hours of feeding. The infants generally were fed by wet nurses or with bottles, although some of the weakest were given milk through the nose.
Parents desperate to save the lives of their children regarded Couney as a hero. Hospitals, many without incubators until the late 1930s, sent premature babies to him, according to historian Claire Prentice. Infant care provided in the exhibit was expensive for the time, but the parents were not charged. Rather, costs were covered by visitors who paid admission fees to view the exhibitions. This enabled Couney take care of the infants, pay the staff, and move the exhibit around the country to fairs, amusement parks, and exhibitions and teach the general public and medical professionals about the benefits of incubators in saving infant lives. In addition to Lakeside, the baby incubators were displayed at amusement parks in New York, Pittsburgh, Minneapolis, Atlantic City, Chicago, among other locations.
Photos: Lakeside advertisement, Rocky Mountain News, 20 August 1911; photo of incubators and medical staff, Rocky Mountain News, 9 July 1911.