01/06/2026
Common names make gardening feel simple. No big Latin words to remember, and often the name tells us something about the plant’s appearance, fragrance or use.
Sometimes this works
Most of the time it doesn’t.
Holy Basil.
Sacred Basil.
Tulsi.
Sounds simple enough, doesn’t it?
Except several different plants can be sold under those names, and depending on who you ask, they may not even be talking about the same species.
That is where botanical names become important.
When most people talk about Holy Basil or Sacred Basil, they are usually referring to Ocimum tenuiflorum. You may also see it labelled as Ocimum sanctum. They are the same plant. Ocimum sanctum is the older botanical name, while Ocimum tenuiflorum is now more widely accepted. Many herbal supplements, essential oils and older herb books still use the name sanctum, which adds another layer of confusion.
Then there is Ocimum gratissimum.
Like Ocimum tenuiflorum, it is connected to Indian traditions, used medicinally and is sometimes sold as Tulsi or Sacred Basil.
Yet the two plants are quite different.
Ocimum tenuiflorum is usually a smaller shrub with purple stems and darker foliage, especially in the Krishna form. The aroma is complex, spicy and slightly peppery, with hints of clove and anise. It is commonly used in Ayurveda and is traditionally valued as an adaptogen, often used to support the body during times of stress, support respiratory health and promote general wellbeing. It prefers warm conditions, full sun to light shade and well-drained soil. While it enjoys regular moisture, it does not like waterlogged conditions and grows best in frost-free climates.
Ocimum gratissimum is a much larger, woodier plant that can grow almost like a small tree in warm climates. The leaves are often larger, softer and slightly furry. The scent is stronger and more clove-like due to its higher eugenol content. Traditionally, it has been used for respiratory complaints, digestive support and as an aromatic medicinal herb. It is also a fantastic bee plant. Growing conditions are similar, but it generally prefers more heat and has a stronger tropical character. Given rich, well-drained soil, plenty of sun and protection from cold weather, it can become an impressive specimen plant.
There is also ongoing debate about exactly which plant should be called Vana Tulsi, and different nurseries, herbalists and suppliers may use that name differently. That is another perfect example of why botanical names matter.
When it comes to identifying plants, I try to use the botanical name first and the common name second. Common names are useful, but botanical names tell us exactly which plant we are talking about.
Ocimum tenuiflorum is in stock now at Trevallan