24/11/2020
Bees
Plants for Bees in your Garden
There are two main types of bee; the Bumblebee and the Honeybee. Populations of both have suffered huge declines in recent years for a number of different reasons so it is worth knowing the difference.
Bumblebee
Bumblebees
There are 24 species of Bumblebee living wild in the UK. They are easily recognised by their characteristic fluffy bodies. Different species of Bumblebee have different length tongues because they feed from different shaped flowers. Our wild Bumblebees have suffered declines due to bad weather, the use of insecticides and a reduction in wildflower rich grassland for feeding and nesting.
Honeybee
Honeybees
There is only 1 species of Honeybee in Europe and these bees live in hives that are cultivated and tended by beekeepers in order to produce honey. Britain's cultivated honeybee population has been largely affected by the varroa mite, which has spread rapidly through bee hives since arriving in Britain in 1992. Honeybees are slimmer and smaller than Bumblebees, having a closer appearance to a wasp. They all have short tongues which are best suited to feeding from open flower shapes.
Encouraging Bumblebees in the Garden
Although Honeybees are often found in gardens, it is our wild Bumblebees that are of greatest interest to the gardener. Given that collectively gardens equate to over a million acres in the UK, there is much that we can do as gardeners to help save Bumblebees from decline. If every garden contained a bee house and a range of bee friendly flowers, trees and shrubs then this would significantly increase both food and shelter for our native Bumblebees, and help to reverse their decline.
If you are encouraging bees into your garden then it is important to avoid using insecticides as these will kill helpful pollinating insects (including bees) as well as the target insects.
Bee house
Make a Bee House
Remember that different species require different habitats. Mason Bees enjoy nesting holes in wood or thick stems. You can make your own simple bee house or you can buy a commercially made bee house. Use hollow bamboo canes, dried Japanese knotw**d stems or even thick bramble stems. Fix bee boxes in a south-facing spot but not in direct sunlight. Also make sure the entrance points downwards so that rain does not get in.
Many other species of bumblebee will prefer a wood pile in your garden. Simply create a pile of logs, stems and branches and leave it be - the more untidy, the better! Other species will enjoy a grassy bank to nest in - let the grass grow tall and plant pollen rich plants along the edge of the bank.
Planting Flowers for Bees
It�s best to aim for a good variety of pollen rich flowers that have different flower shapes and a range of flowering periods from early spring to late summer. Try to ensure at least two different plant species in flower at any time throughout this period to prevent your bees from going hungry. Most double flower forms are lacking in pollen or nectar and likely to be inaccessible to bees so these are best avoided.
We�ve put together a list of bee friendly varieties for you to grow, to help feed the bees in your garden. If you wanted to choose just one or two varieties to grow to help the bees, we suggest any variety of Scabiosa or a wild flower would be ideal.
Bee-friendly Flowers
Annuals
Borage; Buckwheat; Californian Poppy; Candytuft; China Aster; Cornflower; Cosmos bipinnatus; Forget-me-not; Gilia capitata; godetia; Heliotrope; Nigella; Mignonette; Nemophila; Phacelia; Poached Egg Plant; Sunflower; Sweet Sultan; Zinnia
California Poppy
Hollyhock
Biennials
French honeysuckle (Hedysarum coronarium); Hollyhock (single flowered varieties only); Honesty; Wallflower
Herbaceous Perennials
Agastache; Alyssum; Anchusa azurea; Arabis ; Aubrieta; Campanula; Nepeta; Cranesbill; Dahlia single-flowered varieties only; Erigeron; Geum; Globe Artichoke; Globe Thistle; Golden Rod; Gypsophila ; Helenium; Hellebores; Sedum; Jacob's Ladder; Japanese anemone; Lambs� Ears; Leopard's Bane; Liatris; Lungwort; Michaelmas Daisies; Oriental Poppy; Monarda; Persicaria amplexicaulis; Rudbeckia; Salvia; Scabious; Sea Hollies; Sidalcea; Thrift; Veronica; Marrubium; Verbena
Single Flowered Dahlia
Fritillary
Bulbs and Corms
Allium; Autumn Crocus; Crocus; Fritillaries; Glory of the Snow; Muscari; Hyacinth; Siberian squill; Snowdrops; Winter Aconite
Vegetables and Culinary Herbs
Asparagus; Brassicas (left to flower); Broad Bean; Hyssop; Marjoram ; Marrow, Cucumber and Courgette; MintRosemary; Runner Bean; Sage; Thyme
hyssop
Cherry Blossom
Trees and Shrubs
Almond; Apple (including ornamental Malus); Berberis; Blackberry; Blackthorn; Boston Ivy; Box; Broom; Caryopteris; Ceanothus; Cherry including single-flowered ornamental types; Cherry Laurel; Christmas box; Clematis cirrhosa; Cotoneaster; Currants; Olearia; Daphne mezereum; Dogwood; Enkianthus campanulatus; Escallonia; False Acacia; Pyracantha; Fuchsia; Gooseberry; Gorse; Hawthorn; Hazel; Heather; H**e; Holly; Horse Chestnuts; Hypericum; Indian Bean Tree; Ivy; Japanese Quince; Judas Tree; Koelreuteria paniculata; Lavender; Loganberry; Lonicera � purpusii; Mahonia; Maples (Acer); Mountain Ash; Buddleja globosa; Pear; Perovskia atriplicifolia; Plums; Potentilla; Raspberry; Rock Rose; Rose (single-flowered species); Snowberry; Strawberry Tree; Sycamore; Sweet Bay; Tetradium daniellii; Virginia Creeper; Weigela; Willows, male forms, especially goat willow (Salix caprea).
British Wild Plants and Flowers
Bindw**d (Convolvulus arvensis); birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus); burdock (Arctium lappa); charlock (Sinapis arvensis); chickw**d (Stellaria media); clovers (Trifolium spp.); coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara); dandelion (Taraxacum officinale); devil's bit scabious (Succisa pratensis); field scabious (Knautia arvensis); figworts (Scrophularia spp.); h**p agrimony (Eupatorium cannabinum); horseshoe vetch (Hippocrepis comosa); knapw**ds (Centaurea spp.); knotgrasses (Polygonum spp.); lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria); mallows (Malva spp.); marsh marigold (Caltha palustris); meadow clary (Salvia pratensis); meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria); poppies (Papaver spp.); purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria); red deadnettle (Lamium purpureum); rose bay willowherb (Chamerion angustifolium); teasel (Dipsacus fullonum); thistles (Cirsium spp.); toadflax (Linaria vulgaris); traveller's joy (Clematis vitalba); valerian (Valeriana officinalis); viper's bugloss (Echium vulgare); white bryony (Bryonia dioica); white melilot (Melilotus albus); yellow melilot (M. officinalis); yellow trefoil (Trifolium dubium).
See our wildflower seed range here
Other 'Plants for a Purpose' articles:
Plants for Wildlife
Plants for Birds
Plants for Butterflies
Plants for Garden Mammals
Wildlife Habitats
Growing Plants for Wildlife
Perfect for Pollinators
What to do in your Garden to Encourage Wildlife