06/04/2026
Trees, shrubs, and perennials should never be planted below the proper finished grade. This text and the accompanying infographic explain how to plant at the correct height and properly place mulch around your plants.
The root flare—the point where the trunk of a tree or shrub widens into the first major roots—should be visible at the finished grade. When the root flare is buried in soil or mulch, bark tissues remain constantly moist, promoting decay and restricting oxygen exchange. These conditions often lead to the development of girdling roots and long‑term decline.
We typically recommend positioning the top of the rootball 2 to 3 inches above existing grade for small to medium size plants and 3 to 4 inches above existing grade for larger trees and shrubs when planting.
Planting high in relation to the existing grade allows mulch to be placed properly. Mulch, which contributes to the finished grade, can be brought to the edge of the rootball (A) or gradually tapered to the grade surrounding the plant (B) while keeping it away from the trunk and stems (see infographic).
These methods (A and B) allow for the proper mulch thickness/depth of 2 to 4 inches, prevent mulch volcanoes, and keep mulch away from trunks and stems.
Notes:
With balled and burlapped trees it is common to find 2 to 6 inches of excess soil on top of the rootball. This excess soil must be removed before planting in order to expose the root flare. Ideally, the point where uppermost structural root(s) originate should be within (approximately) 1 inch of the soil surface.
Some of the terms used in this information only apply to woody plants (trees and shrubs), but the method of planting high, above the existing grade in order to place mulch correctly (as shown in the infographic) should also be used when planting perennials.